GitHubでパーソナルアクセストークン（PAT）で認証を設定する完全ガイド

# 1. GitHub CLI をインストール
sudo apt install gh

# 2. 認証設定
gh auth login

# 3. Git認証ヘルパーの設定（自動で設定される場合が多い）
gh auth setup-git

remote: Invalid username or token. Password authentication is not supported for Git operations. fatal: Authentication failed 

# GitHub CLI のインストール
tech-0222@MSI:~$ sudo apt install gh
～省略～
tech-0222@MSI:~$

# インストール確認
tech-0222@MSI:~$ gh version
gh version 2.4.0+dfsg1 (2022-03-23 Ubuntu 2.4.0+dfsg1-2)
https://github.com/cli/cli/releases/latest
tech-0222@MSI:~$

tech-0222@MSI:~$ gh auth login

# 1. GitHub.com を選択
? What account do you want to log into? GitHub.com   
 
# 2. HTTPS を選択
? What is your preferred protocol for Git operations? HTTPS

# 3. Yes を選択（Git操作でもGitHub CLIの認証を使用）
? Authenticate Git with your GitHub credentials? Yes

# 4. Login with a web browser を選択
# ※Paste an authentication token（自分で発行した PAT を貼り付ける方式）
# ※「ブラウザログイン」を選ぶと、GitHub CLI が自動でトークンを発行して `~/.config/gh/hosts.yml` に保存してくれます。
? How would you like to authenticate GitHub CLI? Login with a web browser
! First copy your one-time code: XXXX-XXX

# 5. Enter キーをクリック
# 対応していると自動でブラウザが開くが、WSL上からだとNGだった
# メッセージ内のURL「https://github.com/login/device」でブラウザからアクセスする
- Press Enter to open github.com in your browser... 
! Failed opening a web browser at https://github.com/login/device
  exec: "xdg-open,x-www-browser,www-browser,wslview": executable file not found in $PATH
  Please try entering the URL in your browser manually

tech-0222@MSI:~$ gh auth login
? What account do you want to log into? GitHub.com
? What is your preferred protocol for Git operations? HTTPS
? Authenticate Git with your GitHub credentials? Yes
? How would you like to authenticate GitHub CLI? Login with a web browser

! First copy your one-time code: 84EA-BD16
- Press Enter to open github.com in your browser... 
! Failed opening a web browser at https://github.com/login/device
  exec: "xdg-open,x-www-browser,www-browser,wslview": executable file not found in $PATH
  Please try entering the URL in your browser manually
✓ Authentication complete. Press Enter to continue...

- gh config set -h github.com git_protocol https
✓ Configured git protocol
✓ Logged in as XXXXX
tech-0222@MSI:~$ 

tech-0222@MSI:test-repository$ gh auth status
github.com
  ✓ Logged in to github.com as XXXXX (/home/XXXXX/.config/gh/hosts.yml)
  ✓ Git operations for github.com configured to use https protocol.
  ✓ Token: *******************
  
tech-0222@MSI:test-repository$ 

tech-0222@MSI:test-repository$ git remote -v
origin  https://github.com/XXXXXX/test-repository.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/XXXXXX/test-repository.git (push)
tech-0222@MSI:test-repository$ 

gh auth setup-git

# .gitconfig の確認
tech-0222@MSI:~$ cat .gitconfig
[init]
        defaultBranch = main
[user]
        email = 123456+XXXXX@users.noreply.github.com
        name = XXXXXX
[credential "https://github.com"]
        helper =
        helper = !/usr/bin/gh auth git-credential

# GitHub CLI の設定ファイル確認
tech-0222@MSI:~$ cat .config/gh/config.yml 
# What protocol to use when performing git operations. Supported values: ssh, https
git_protocol: https
# What editor gh should run when creating issues, pull requests, etc. If blank, will refer to environment.
editor:
# When to interactively prompt. This is a global config that cannot be overridden by hostname. Supported values: enabled, disabled
prompt: enabled
# A pager program to send command output to, e.g. "less". Set the value to "cat" to disable the pager.
pager:
# Aliases allow you to create nicknames for gh commands
aliases:
    co: pr checkout
# The path to a unix socket through which send HTTP connections. If blank, HTTP traffic will be handled by net/http.DefaultTransport.
http_unix_socket:
# What web browser gh should use when opening URLs. If blank, will refer to environment.
browser:

# トークン情報の確認
tech-0222@MSI:~$ cat .config/gh/hosts.yml 
github.com:
    user: XXXXXX
    oauth_token: gho_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
    git_protocol: https

# 設定
tech-0222@MSI:~$ gh auth login
? What account do you want to log into? GitHub.com
? What is your preferred protocol for Git operations? HTTPS
? How would you like to authenticate GitHub CLI? Paste an authentication token
Tip: you can generate a Personal Access Token here https://github.com/settings/tokens
The minimum required scopes are 'repo', 'read:org', 'workflow'.
? Paste your authentication token: ****************************************
- gh config set -h github.com git_protocol https
✓ Configured git protocol
✓ Logged in as XXXXX
tech-0222@MSI:~$


# 認証設定の確認
tech-0222@MSI:~$ gh auth status
github.com
  ✓ Logged in to github.com as XXXXX (/home/XXXXX/.config/gh/hosts.yml)
  ✓ Git operations for github.com configured to use https protocol.
  ✓ Token: *******************


# 実行してみる
tech-0222@MSI:test-repository$ git remote -v
origin  https://github.com/XXXXXX/test-repository.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/XXXXXX/test-repository.git (push)
tech-0222@MSI:test-repository$ 

error validating token: missing required scope 'read:org'

tech-0222@MSI:~$ gh auth login
? What account do you want to log into? GitHub.com
? What is your preferred protocol for Git operations? HTTPS
? How would you like to authenticate GitHub CLI? Paste an authentication token
Tip: you can generate a Personal Access Token here https://github.com/settings/tokens
The minimum required scopes are 'repo', 'read:org', 'workflow'.
? Paste your authentication token: ****************************************
error validating token: missing required scope 'read:org'
tech-0222@MSI:~$ 

$ git pull --tags
Username for 'https://github.com': XXXXX
Password for 'https://XXXXX@github.com': [PATを入力]
Already up to date.
$ 

# ファイルに保存し永続化
git config --global credential.helper store

# キャッシュ時間はデフォルト値（15分）
git config --global credential.helper cache

# キャッシュ時間を指定（3600秒 = 1時間）
git config --global credential.helper 'cache --timeout=3600'

gh auth logout

# ログアウト
tech-0222@MSI:root$ gh auth logout
? Are you sure you want to log out of github.com account 'XXXXX'? Yes
✓ Logged out of github.com account 'XXXXX'
tech-0222@MSI:root$

#確認
tech-0222@MSI:root$ gh auth status
You are not logged into any GitHub hosts. Run gh auth login to authenticate.
tech-0222@MSI:root$